Ancient Method of Bible Interpretation

While the PaRDeS method is traditionally associated with Jewish interpretation of the Hebrew Bible, it can also be applied to the New Testament for a deeper understanding of its texts. Here's an example using the famous verse Matthew 5:14.

"You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden."

1. Pashat (Literal or Simple Meaning)

At the literal level, Jesus is directly addressing his disciples and followers, telling them they are like a city on a hill that cannot be hidden. They are to be a visible example to others in the world. The reference to "light" and a "city" is a straightforward metaphor for living a life that is open and exemplary.

2. Remez (Hint or Allegorical Meaning)

At the remez level, this verse might hint at Israel’s role as a "light to the nations" (Isaiah 42:6). Jesus could be alluding to the deeper calling of his followers to be an example to the world, fulfilling the ancient prophetic role assigned to Israel. Here, the "light" suggests wisdom, spiritual truth, and the revelation of God.

3. Derash (Homiletic or Comparative Meaning)

At the derash level, one might draw a sermonic lesson from this text, teaching that Christians are called to live visibly righteous lives that guide others toward God. A comparison could be made with other Scriptures where light is used to represent good works, such as in Ephesians 5:8-9, where believers are encouraged to "walk as children of light." The city on a hill could be interpreted as the church, standing as a moral example and beacon of hope.

4. Sod (Mystical or Secret Meaning)

At the sod (mystical) level, the verse can be viewed symbolically in terms of the inner spiritual journey. The "light" might represent the divine presence within every believer, and the "city on a hill" could signify the elevated state of spiritual consciousness or communion with God. Some mystics might see the hill as the ascent to God through contemplation or a heightened spiritual state, where one’s soul becomes an illumined guide for others.

Summary of PaRDeS Applied to Matthew 5:14:

• Pashat: Jesus' followers are meant to be a visible example to the world.

• Remez: Allusion to Israel’s calling to be a light to the nations.

• Derash: Sermonic lesson about Christians living as a moral and spiritual beacon.

• Sod: Mystical idea of spiritual illumination and ascent toward God.

Applying the PaRDeS method to the New Testament can open up rich layers of interpretation, helping readers engage with the text in a more profound and multifaceted way.